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|a Chemistry: Atoms First |h [electronic resource]. |
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|a [S.l.] : |b OpenStax, |c 2019. |
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|a [cc by] This item is licensed with the Creative Commons Attribution License. This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon this work, even commercially, as long as they credit the author for the original creation. |
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|a Chemistry: Atoms First 2e is a peer-reviewed, openly licensed introductory textbook produced through a collaborative publishing partnership between OpenStax and the University of Connecticut and UConn Undergraduate Student Government Association.This text is an atoms-first adaptation of OpenStax Chemistry 2e. The intention of “atoms-first” involves a few basic principles: first, it introduces atomic and molecular structure much earlier than the traditional approach, and it threads these themes through subsequent chapters. This approach may be chosen as a way to delay the introduction of material such as stoichiometry that students traditionally find abstract and difficult, thereby allowing students time to acclimate their study skills to chemistry. Additionally, it gives students a basis for understanding the application of quantitative principles to the chemistry that underlies the entire course. It also aims to center the study of chemistry on the atomic foundation that many will expand upon in a later course covering organic chemistry, easing that transition when the time arrives.
The second edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Substantial improvements have been made in the figures, illustrations, and example exercises that support the text narrative. The first edition of Chemistry: Atoms First by OpenStax is available in web view here. |
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|a Preface;
Chapter 1 Essential Ideas;
Introduction;
1.1 Chemistry in Context;
1.2 Phases and Classification of Matter;
1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties;
1.4 Measurements;
1.5 Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision;
1.6 Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions;
Introduction;
2.1 Early Ideas in Atomic Theory;
2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory;
2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbolism;
2.4 Chemical Formulas;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 3 Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements;
Introduction;
3.1 Electromagnetic Energy;
3.2 The Bohr Model;
3.3 Development of Quantum Theory;
3.4 Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations);
3.5 Periodic Variations in Element Properties;
3.6 The Periodic Table;
3.7 Ionic and Molecular Compounds;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 4 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry;
Introduction;
4.1 Ionic Bonding;
4.2 Covalent Bonding;
4.3 Chemical Nomenclature;
4.4 Lewis Symbols and Structures;
4.5 Formal Charges and Resonance;
4.6 Molecular Structure and Polarity;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 5 Advanced Theories of Bonding;
Introduction;
5.1 Valence Bond Theory;
5.2 Hybrid Atomic Orbitals;
5.3 Multiple Bonds;
5.4 Molecular Orbital Theory;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 6 Composition of Substances and Solutions;
Introduction;
6.1 Formula Mass;
6.2 Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas;
6.3 Molarity;
6.4 Other Units for Solution Concentrations;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 7 Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions;
Introduction;
7.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations;
7.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions;
7.3 Reaction Stoichiometry;
7.4 Reaction Yields;
7.5 Quantitative Chemical Analysis;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 8 Gases;
Introduction;
8.1 Gas Pressure;
8.2 Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law;
8.3 Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions;
8.4 Effusion and Diffusion of Gases;
8.5 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory;
8.6 Non-Ideal Gas Behavior;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 9 Thermochemistry;
Introduction;
9.1 Energy Basics;
9.2 Calorimetry;
9.3 Enthalpy;
9.4 Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 10 Liquids and Solids;
Introduction;
10.1 Intermolecular Forces;
10.2 Properties of Liquids;
10.3 Phase Transitions;
10.4 Phase Diagrams;
10.5 The Solid State of Matter;
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 11 Solutions and Colloids;
Introduction;
11.1 The Dissolution Process;
11.2 Electrolytes;
11.3 Solubility;
11.4 Colligative Properties;
11.5 Colloids;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 12 Thermodynamics;
Introduction;
12.1 Spontaneity;
12.2 Entropy;
12.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics;
12.4 Free Energy;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 13 Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts;
Introduction;
13.1 Chemical Equilibria;
13.2 Equilibrium Constants;
13.3 Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle;
13.4 Equilibrium Calculations;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 14 Acid-Base Equilibria;
Introduction;
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases;
14.2 pH and pOH;
14.3 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases;
14.4 Hydrolysis of Salts;
14.5 Polyprotic Acids;
14.6 Buffers;
14.7 Acid-Base Titrations;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 15 Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes;
Introduction;
15.1 Precipitation and Dissolution;
15.2 Lewis Acids and Bases;
15.3 Coupled Equilibria;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 16 Electrochemistry;
Introduction;
16.1 Review of Redox Chemistry;
16.2 Galvanic Cells;
16.3 Electrode and Cell Potentials;
16.4 Potential, Free Energy, and Equilibrium;
16.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells;
16.6 Corrosion;
16.7 Electrolysis;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 17 Kinetics;
Introduction;
17.1 Chemical Reaction Rates;
17.2 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates;
17.3 Rate Laws;
17.4 Integrated Rate Laws;
17.5 Collision Theory;
17.6 Reaction Mechanisms;
17.7 Catalysis;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 18 Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals;
Introduction;
18.1 Periodicity;
18.2 Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals;
18.3 Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids;
18.4 Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals;
18.5 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen;
18.6 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates;
18.7 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen;
18.8 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus;
18.9 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen;
18.10 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur;
18.11 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens;
18.12 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases;
Key Terms;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 19 Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry;
Introduction;
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds;
19.2 Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals;
19.3 Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds;
Key Terms;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 20 Nuclear Chemistry;
Introduction;
20.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability;
20.2 Nuclear Equations;
20.3 Radioactive Decay;
20.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy;
20.5 Uses of Radioisotopes;
20.6 Biological Effects of Radiation;
Key Terms;
Key Equations;
Summary;
Exercises;
Chapter 21 Organic Chemistry;
Introduction;
21.1 Hydrocarbons;
21.2 Alcohols and Ethers;
21.3 Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters;
21.4 Amines and Amides;
Key Terms;
Summary;
Exercises;
Appendix A The Periodic Table;
Appendix B Essential Mathematics;
Appendix C Units and Conversion Factors;
Appendix D Fundamental Physical Constants;
Appendix E Water Properties;
Appendix F Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases;
Appendix G Standard Thermodynamic Properties for Selected Substances;
Appendix H Ionization Constants of Weak Acids;
Appendix I Ionization Constants of Weak Bases;
Appendix J Solubility Products;
Appendix K Formation Constants for Complex Ions;
Appendix L Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials;
Appendix M Half-Lives for Several Radioactive Isotopes;
Answer Key;
Chapter 1;
Chapter 2;
Chapter 3;
Chapter 4;
Chapter 5;
Chapter 6;
Chapter 7;
Chapter 8;
Chapter 9;
Chapter 10;
Chapter 11;
Chapter 12;
Chapter 13;
Chapter 14;
Chapter 15;
Chapter 16;
Chapter 17;
Chapter 18;
Chapter 19;
Chapter 20;
Chapter 21;
Index; |
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|a Electronic reproduction. |c Rider University, |d 2021. |f (Open-NJ) |n Mode of access: World Wide Web. |n System requirements: Internet connectivity; Web browser software. |
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